A hardness test is a mechanical test that measures how resistant a material is to penetration by an indenter. The test is used to determine a material’s suitability for a specific application, and is a common method for inspecting metals and alloys.
Here are some things to know about hardness tests:
How it’s performed
A hardness test involves pressing an indenter into the material being tested. The indenter can be spherical, conical, or pyramidal in shape, and is made from materials like hardened steel, hard metal, or diamond. The hardness is determined by measuring the depth of the indentation or the size of the impression left by the indenter.
Types of hardness tests
The two main types of hardness tests are scratch testing and indentation testing. Scratch testing is used for brittle materials like ceramics, while indentation testing is used for materials that undergo plastic deformation, like metals and thermoplastic polymers.
Hardness testers
Hardness testers can be manual or electronic. Electronic testers are generally considered superior because they are more precise, repeatable, and have lower error rates.
Factors to consider when selecting a hardness test method
The best test method depends on the material’s microstructure, type, size, and condition.
APPLICATIONS
Verification of Hardness after PWHT
Material Hardness verification after machining
